The First Piece Of National Gun Control - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1081 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Control Essay Did you like this example? Our society has grown and changed to where we try our best to accommodate new behaviors, perspectives, and ideologies. What we are not accommodating are the gun laws that need to be tightened to insure safety. The ten day waiting period to purchase a firearm should be extended in addition to taking a psychological exam. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The First Piece Of National Gun Control" essay for you Create order On Dec. 15, 1791, ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution † eventually known as the Bill of Rights † were ratified. The second of them said Sarah Gray (US Gun Control Laws History Timeline. A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not infringed(US Constitution). Even though the times have changed, the second amendment has not. Why is that ? Could it be that our government cares more about the revenue that comes from firearms than our society, and the safety of our children. Is the life of the person next to me less than compared to a firearm? In order to keep the second amendment in practice while keeping our people safe , as a nation we need to work together to create stricter gun laws. The first piece of national gun control legislation was passed on June 26, 1934. The National Firearms Act (NFA) † part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelts New Deal for Crime† was meant to curtail gangland crimes of that era such as the St. Valentines Day Massacre Sarah Gray ( US Gun Control Laws History Timeline Laws). Purchasing a firearm is not difficult. To buy a shotgun, or rifle and ammunition you have to be eighteen, as well as having a firearm permit to purchase rifles and shotguns. All other firearms † handguns, for example † can only be sold to people 21 and older Kathleen Schuster ( 8 Facts About Gun Control in the Us).There is no limit to the number of handguns that you may own but you are generally limited to purchasing no more than one handgun in any 30-day period( Frequently Asked Questions).Background checks are required, yet we still have mass shooters with guns even though they had been evaluated to be 5150. If you are a danger to yourself and others you could be 5150 which means you are not qualified to purchase a firearm. Fugitives are restricted from purchasing firearms. The state fee when purchasing a firearm is $25, the DROS fee is $19 which covers the costs of a background check and transfery registry, you have to pay $1 for the Firearm Safety Act Fee and $5 for Safety and Enforcement Act. Gun owners are protected by the Firearm Owners Protection Act that was passed by Congress in 1986 The sale and transfer of ammunition became loosened regulations because of this act( paraphrased 1) (US Gun Control Laws History Timeline). In 2005, the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act was signed by President George W. Bush to prevent gun manufacturers from being named in federal or state civil suits by those who were victims of crimes involving guns made by that company Sarah Gray ( US Gun Control Laws History Timeline), In 2014 the population of the United States was 319 million people; in that time period US civilians and law enforcement owned 371 million firearms. In 2012 non- military gun revenues were accounted by 80% civilians. During 2014 fifty-two percent of handguns comprised all new guns vend to civilians and law enforcement where as in 2000 it was thirty-five percent. Guns are meant for the people that can properly handle a firearm and can meet all the needed requirements. The state of California has the strictest gun laws, yet you are allowed to purchase as many handguns as you wish during specific time periods.You can give your spouse or registered domestic partner a firearm. You can give your adult child a firearm as long as the child is not in a prohibited category. Why does a child need a weapon that is meant to kill? If there were stricter gun laws gun death threats would be reduced significantly . 44% of Americans say they personally know someone who has been shot with a gun, either accidentally or intentionally ( 11 Facts About Guns). 27 people were killed by guns in America on Christmas Day in 2015, which is equal to the total number of people killed in gun homicides in an entire year in Austria, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, Estonia, Bermuda, Hong Kong, and Iceland combined (11 Facts About Gun). More than 36,000 Americans were victims of firearm-related deaths in 2015 ( Do Something Facts About Guns).Guns are rarely used in self defense (paraphrased 2) (Gun Control Pro and Cons). Seven children are killed and twelve more are injured with a gun every day ;meaning 2,555 children die a year by guns and 4,380 children are being injured by guns (paraphrased 3)(Do Something Facts About Guns). As a nation what do we care about more the life of an innocent child or guns. Our government has clearly showed us what is more important. You can not start a car without gasoline. You can have gasoline in a car and not move it. With every cause, it takes a pair to create a reaction. You can have a loaded gun on a table and nothing will happen if no one touches it. Everything is in the hand of the holder. Guns are not always used in protection so they are dangerous. In order to keep people safe stricter waiting periods and an exam to see if you are mentally okay is important. Ian the shooter of the Borderline Shooting was in the process of being 5150 but was cleared, he clearly was not in the right state of mind. However, Chicago has very strict guns laws yet people are killed by guns every single day there, those guns arent legal. Stricter gun laws need to be intact. Why are children that are so young be given a machine that is meant to harm someone? Why would anyone want to have a weapon that is designated to hurt. The Second Amendment protects the US citizens just incase our government goes psycho. When Obama was president gun sales were extremely high because people were in fear there guns were going to be taken away. Now that Trump is in office gun sales have dropped because there is no fear. Instead of threatening to take away guns we should charge more for bullets because not many people have five thousand dollars to spend on bullets. Keeping people safe and healthy is the main concern that needs to be resolved. People that are mentally ill need to be helped properly.

Industrialization in Great Britain A New Era - 951 Words

An era of new beginnings was created when industrialization swept through Great Britain starting in the 1760’s. This vast transition included a change in hand production to machine production, brand new chemical and iron production processes, an improvement in water power, major increases in the use of steam power, the development of machine tools, and the conversion towards coal as the major source of fuel. Not only was â€Å"he Industrial Revolution an evolving transformation in many sectors of the economy† (Atkins 1), but across the board, aspects of daily life were changed by the Industrial Revolution, and it led to not only economic prosperity, but radical social changes and increased political stratification. The Industrial Revolution†¦show more content†¦And finally, there was the Ten Hours Bill of 1847, which limited the working hours to 10 per day for women and children. (Tuttle 12). All of these changes impacted how factories were run, and improved th e lives of the factory working families. Also, the Industrial Revolution led to the beginnings of organized labor groups, and the creation of the first trade unions, in order to help advance the interests of working people. The power within a union could demand better terms by withdrawing all labor and causing a consequent cessation of production. This ability meant that the normal working man or woman had the ability to combine forces with their fellow workers to fight back against the much more wealthy and powerful factory owners. Working people also formed friendly societies and co-operative societies as support groups against times of economic hardships. These conjoined forces gave immense power to workers, through the ability to strike, although there were many legal attempts to stop these insurrections. With laws passed to limit the power of the unions, its showed a rise against the power of the middle class. Finally, the Industrial Revolution effect the political stratificati on of Great Britain during this era. The creation of the House of Lords and House of Commons was before the Industrial Revolution, however with the evolution of the working class due to technological advancements gave the House of Commons more power. The Great Reform Act of 1832Show MoreRelatedAn Explanation of the Britishs Stuggles to Finance the War with Napoleonic France in The British Balance of Payments1087 Words   |  5 PagesBritish ability to finance the wars with Napoleonic France. Esteban challenges the academic state of debate regarding the importance of exports on British Industrialization by pointing out that he believes without the exports from India, Britain would have struggled to finance her wars with France and may have never become the incubator of Industrialization. His argument comes back to the numbers he presents projecting the gap between foreign indebtedness actual and counterfactual would increase from 1802Read MoreComparing the Industrialization of Brita in and Japan Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesComparing the industrialization of Britain and Japan Two ships can arrive at the same destination; however that does not necessarily mean that they used the same route on their journey. Such is the same with the industrialization of Britain and Japan. Both rose to become the two great pioneers of the modern world; however the paths they took to success were different. This paper will compare Japan and Britain, exploring the causes of its industrialization, and how the countries drastically changedRead MoreWhy Did The Industrial Revolution Begin?1535 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrial Revolution begin in Britain? One reason is because Britain had relatively high income and GDP per capita. 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China started to develop a sort of cultural chauvinism, in which they believed theyRead MoreThere are many periods in time that have been crucial in the development of human ideals and1300 Words   |  6 PagesRomantic Era. This period began in the late 18th century, and peaked around the 1850’s. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature until Industrialization had come fully into effect. Because of all the variables and factors of the time, the world was ready for a new era, a modern era that advanced the world far beyond expectations. The Romantic Era was a time of innovation, social struggles, and major changes in industry and society, all due to Industrialization. One ofRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Second Industrial Revolution1390 Words   |  6 Pagespoint in American history. Before this era of progression and industrial excellence, America was on the ver ge of expansion like never before. From the vast amounts of land gained through the Annexation of Texas in 1845, the British retreating from Oregon in 1846, and the Mexican cession of Southwest territory guaranteed by the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848, (Engelman) America was able to expand their territory and access new resources. Industrialization and factory growth in the North was justRead More American Industrialization Essay501 Words   |  3 Pages Had it not been for the American industrialization, we would not enjoy the technology we have in the year 2002. The reason we have this technology is that between those years a great change in the world’s history was made. People started to discover faster methods of producing goods, which increased their economy. However, this industrialization had no effects on society. Society then was still very poor in some areas, but later on in the future the United States becomes the richest and most powerful

Nutritional Analysis Paper Free Essays

WELLNESS-FOCUS NUTRITION Diet Analysis Paper Being an insulin dependent diabetic with Celiacs Disease has played the main role in dictating my eating patterns for the last six years. I walk a fine line of balancing blood glucose levels with diet and exercise. Many of the foods I eat are simply because I have to follow a gluten free diet to manage my Celiacs Disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutritional Analysis Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now With all of the emerging publicity of gluten free diets people assume that eating gluten free is a healthy, weight friendly, approach to eating. I find that a naturally occurring gluten free diet lives up to many of those expectations, however when certain foods are replaced with a formulated gluten free version it then becomes a different story. When gluten free adaptations of grains in breads, pastas, cereals, etc. are added into my diet I find myself eating a much higher amount of carbohydrates and calories from starch. Many of the gluten free versions of whole grains are very dense in carbohydrates. The reason behind the heightened calories and carbohydrates is because it usually takes multiple types of gluten free flours mixed together to substitute for one non gluten free all purpose flour. I anticipate my carbohydrate intake will be on the elevated side in the initial three day data, but I am consciously mindful to try to avoid too many gluten free replacements and instead opt for foods that are naturally gluten free. Other influences on my food choices would include my on the go lifestyle and my Diabetes. I have been a type one insulin dependent diabetic for twenty seven years. Over the last three decades the guidelines for a diabetics diet and target blood glucose range have changed drastically. Target blood glucose levels for â€Å"good† blood sugar control was 180 when I was first diagnosed. At the age of 12 I remember 150 being the upper limit. Now, at the age of 29, 120 is considered the highest â€Å"good† limit. These numbers hold relevance to me because they are how I determine my insulin intake and diet adjustments. I have to count my carbohydrates in order to determine how much humalog to distribute. For every ten carbohydrates I consume I require one unit of insulin. These numbers all influence my food and beverage intake. My schedule is also a deciding factor of my diet. I begin my day at five a. m. every day and am headed to the gym by five thirty every morning. From there I head to school, where I am a full time student, until approximately 4 p. m. . I then drive to my job teaching competitive dance teams in Oxford until 9 p. m. . I get home, in Rochester, around 9:30 p. m. and begin my homework. My weekends are filled with competitions many times, which leaves me with very little time to grocery shop and prepare my meals in advance. I try the best I can to prepare my foods at home, but occasionally do resort to microwavable gluten free foods or salads from drive through windows. My expectations for my initial seven day data are that my levels will show higher carbohydrates, but an adequate amount of vitamins and minerals. I do not anticipate my fat intake to be too high because I generally gravitate towards healthy fats. Fiber is definitely well incorporated in my diet through the variety of fruits, vegetables and skin on potatoes I eat. My vitamin D levels via food consumption may be low, but I am not concerned with it because I have been on a Dr. rescribed supplement for six years due to my Celiacs Disease. Based on the data collected in the first seven days of data recording , two of my initial hypothesis are correct. I have an elevated level of grains intake , which is shown on the my plate chart, and an extremely low level of vitamin D. During my second phase of dieting I will definitely be cautious of my s tarch intake in an attempt to lower it below the 112% of the recommended daily intake. A few things I am surprised to discover are that my vegetable intake and dairy intake are much lower than my recommended daily intake . I am also disappointed to find out that my dietary fiber, potassium and vitamin E levels are much lower than expected. Vitamins E and C work to stabilize free radicals and repair injury to the cell membrane and tissues. Thankfully I am consuming three times the amount of vitamin C recommended, however my vitamin E level is at a mere 17% of what it should be. Free radical damage could become quite significant if I continue to be so deficient in vitamin E. Good sources of vitamin E to incorporate into my diet are nuts, more spinach, peanut butter and avocado. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that affects the body’s fluid balances, nerve transmissions and muscle contractions. During dance I have noticed that lately, while pointing my toes, I have been experiencing foot cramping more times than not. The low levels of potassium I am consuming may be playing a role in that. Adding more fruits and vegetables to my diet is going to increase my vegetable intake as well as increase my potassium and fiber levels. Fiber is important in aiding the digestive tract and supporting regular bowel movements. Soluble fiber is known to lower both blood cholesterol and glucose levels. Additionally to fruits and vegetables, adding more legumes to my diet is a great way to get more fiber. Upon completion of the second phase of data entry I had definitely made some effective changes. I increased my vegetable intake from 68% to 209% by adding vegetables in as snacks and incorporating them into as many meals as possible. The most notable effects of eating more vegetables are that my fiber level increased from a 50% to a 96% and my vitamin E from a 24% to a 35%. My folate levels went from a 48% to a 77% and my vitamin A levels went from a 82% to a 230%, both can be attributed to the consumption of more fruits and vegetables. I increased all of my B vitamins except for Thiamin, which respectively stayed the same. By adding more dairy through milk, cheese and yogurt I increased my calcium from a 70% to a 116%. My bones will surely thank me for that. Sodium increased from a 87% to a 128%. Ironically I increased my carbohydrate intake from a 55% to a 72%, yet reduced my grain intake from a 68% to a 52%. Adding a larger variety of fruits, dairy and vegetables to my diet was the key to lowering my grain intake while raising my carbohydrate intake. The grain intake on the my plate report is quite a fluctuation between the first and second phases, but I believe with continued monitoring and experimenting with interchanging foods that that can be balanced out. Another notable change is that I cut my fats by nearly half by eating more vegetables and low fat dairy items. I did increase my fruit intake slightly from a 74% to a 83%, but I think that overall I do consume an adequate amount of fruit regularly. My recommended daily caloric intake is 1,858. 11, however I fell short in both phases. I am comfortable at a 1200 calorie diet. I was full every day and could not eat any more without becoming uncomfortably full. Overall this diet analysis was very informative to what changes I can make in my life for a more balanced diet that is high in nutrients, vitamins and minerals. It was eye opening what positive changes adding more variety to my diet can actually make. My stress levels do fluctuate daily, however one stress factor that remains constant and I would rate at a 4 is my frustration with my lack of losing weight while giving a solid 100% effort over the last three months. I did not have any higher than usual stressful days. Mondays are always a higher stress day, simply because I have a more hectic schedule. I teach the largest number of children ages 7-18 dance on Mondays and having that many children for three hours does wear on my patience. I teach a total of 52 children that are split into three separate classes on Mondays. My schedule on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays has me up at 5a. m. , out the door at 5:45am and not returning home until 9 at night. I go directly from the gym to school to work on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesdays. That being said, I would rate my stress levels on Monday a 6, Tuesday a 5 and Wednesday a 4. Planning and packing meals, change of clothes, choreography, homework and medical supplies ahead of time makes a tremendous difference in how smoothly those three days run. My diabetes is a contributor to my daily stress factor. I maintain some sort of stress on a daily basis that is based around my blood sugar levels, balancing them and the effect a high or low has on my body both physically and mentally. Every single day, regardless of other influences or happenings, my stress is maintained at a level 2 strictly because of my health management. With my activity level being so high and my schedule being so demanding, I know that averaging four hours of sleep a night is not healthy or ideal. I will try to aim for seven hours of sleep a night in order to give my body the chance to rest and recuperate that it needs. My ability to focus and process information at an optimal level should also improve with more sound sleep. Stress levels may not diminish, but they will more than likely lower for me with improved sleeping patterns. I feel confident in being able to recognize unhealthy patterns and rectify them the best I can while moving towards a healthier future. How to cite Nutritional Analysis Paper, Papers

Market Orientation

Question: Write a report that identifies positive and negative aspects of each approach and draws conclusions as to which of the two approaches is the most appropriate for long term business success, explaining your rationale clearly Suggest, using examples, what steps a business may take to adjust its orientation and what challenges this may create? Answer: Introduction This particular study deals with the differentiation of the two concepts of Marketing Orientation and Product Orientation. To establish this distinction, a company has been selected, i.e., Mango that forms the basis of the study. This particular study analyzes the negative aspects and the positive facets of the respective approaches (Brown, Sichtmann and Musante, 2011). It also identifies the most appropriate orientation that is required to attain long-term business success. The paper also gives an insight into the steps that the company should go through in order accommodate and adjust its orientation. It also discusses the challenges faced in the process and what influence does both the concept have on consumer behavior. About the Company Mango is a globally renowned apparel designing and manufacturing company. The company is a successful part of the retail industry around the globe. The company was established in the year 1995. There are around 68 stores of the company situated in UK (Brown et al., 2011). The primary objective of the company is to design and manufacture clothes and accessories in line with the existing fashion trend for the youth of urban locale, especially women. The manufacturer is dependent on the daily and occasional requirements of the targeted consumers. Its head on competitors is Gucci, Giorgio Armani. The mango concept is one of the main pillars of the company's international reputation and business success. Market Orientation In the contemporary marketing scenario, Marketing Orientation is the most commonly used orientation. Keeping an update of the actions taken by the competitors and its impact on the preferences of the customer thus, influencing the purchase behavioral pattern of the consumers. The concept also deals with other exogenous factors and their analysis (Fleisher and Bensoussan, 2015). It is of great importance that all the resources of the company go in the direction of common goals when a company intends to go on a success trail following the marketing orientation. Customer, competition, and inter-functional orientation are the constituents of the marketing orientation. In this orientation, a customer is a main focus. Market orientation engages in the delivery of high quality value to customers by proving innovative, and custom-made products and services that are in direct correlation with the generation of revenues. Another important component of marketing orientation is competitive analy sis via consumer surveys and market research to identify and monitor the strengths and weaknesses of the competitor (Hsu, 2011). Companies driven by market orientation involve into an inter-functional business process that include the development of market communication programs and brand planning. The approach being customer centric is an advantage. The company's basis is addressing the requirements of the target consumers by detailed research to understand the feasibility of the existing offers (Kumar and Shah, 2015). Primary focus on the needs and wants of the customers can turn out to be a huge plus point in the extensive competitive market. It helps to develop the products according to the customer's preference. Thus, this persuasive marketing led to the growth of a customer base and increased sales percentage. An extreme concentration on consumers results in a lack of product differentiation. It is difficult to have product differentiation in marketing orientation since while the company gives its ultimate attention to needs of the customers the competitive organizations develops unique attributes to the products (McDonald and Meldrum, 2013). Another setback for this approach is the lack of predictability. The marketing-oriented companies make advanced product development planning without considering the changes in the desires of the consumers in future. Product Orientation This concept originated due to the concept of capitalism that has led to the growing number of affluent as well as middle-class individuals. Product-oriented organizations are strictly product driven. The implementation of this approach meant that the focus of the company was exclusively and only on delivering the features and functionalities and utility of the product. The driving force of the strategic decisions of such companies is the profit margins of the industry. Product orientation is not an approach of the present age (Munksgaard and Freytag, 2011). In the 19th centuries, companies with product orientation survived due to simultaneous demand and scarcity of supreme quality goods and services for the masses. The focus of the industrial firms used to be on this approach so as to achieve maximum efficiency at a minimum cost. Marketers focusing on this concept lay emphasis on the creation new, improved and superior products with time. However, companies often become engrossed in their product and resultantly neglect the market needs. One of the major advantages of this approach is that the firm gives much attention to the internal qualities of the product. The sole determination is to develop a picture perfect product. Here to a wide range of products the application of technological investment occurs. The best example of this orientation is the creation of Walkman by Sony (Sales Baptista, 2014). It proved to be a huge success even if it is not required back then and it contributed to the development of other listening devices. The economies of scale can happen more easily due to this business model. The company can create the product with the highest level efficiency and in bulk since its focus is specifically directed. Production number would be more at a low price rate. Product-oriented business sees an easy outsourcing of products. Once the product design is finalized, it can be sent over to other factories for production. It is cost effective. The biggest disadvantage of this approach is that it fails to respond to the changing patterns of the market structure. It focuses only on developing a superior range of products, but customers do not always look for what the company has to offer (Sewell, 2014). Thus, this leads to missed opportunities for product-oriented companies. This orientation only emphasizes on the features. However, subjective selling also is an important factor. Narrow branding and obsolescence of technology are also some disadvantages. SWOT Analysis Strength: Mango's major strength is its unique selling point. The products are endorsed by well known celebrities and some mini collections also have their designs. The company is extremely active in terms of developing and implementing online campaigns (Bertelsen, 2012). The assistance in every store of Mango is trained to be personal shoppers. Thus, it can be concluded that is 100% family owned (Zemlickiene and Maditinos, 2012). It has established its presence all over the world in almost every city. Weakness: Mango as a brand lacks competitive advantage as the organization neglects the practices and methods that are being used by its competitors. It has a weak brand image. Leaving online campaigns, the social media platforms are not put to full use that can bring advantages to the company. Opportunity: Mango has India and Africa as the emerging retail markets since they have not reached the saturation point. Growth, sustainability and stability of the brand can be ensured this way. Mango can engage its customers in the process more with the help of social media platforms (Brown et al., 2011). Further factors of the product can are covered without restricting the sales to just clothing. Pushing Mango as a lifestyle brand by developing new selling points like perfumes can work as an opportunity. Threat: the emergence of new fashion designer poses an imminent threat to the brand of Mango. Mango's image is that it is a constant shadow of its head on a competitor that is Zara. Lack of originality and innovation and subjective selling can be a threatening factor. Best suited orientation Both the business modules of product orientation as well as marketing orientation have been previously discussed. The advantages and the disadvantages of the respective approaches have also been spoken. A detailed analysis of the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of the company has been done based on which it can conclude that the marketing orientation is the appropriate approach to be implemented for Mango (McDonald and Meldrum, 2013). The orientation of Mango can be adjusted to marketing orientation by producing products and services based on the existing needs and requirements of the market. The company also needs to be well aware of what methods and practices its competitors are putting into use. It would give a cutting edge to the company in the market and thus lead to competitive advantage. Another way to shift the approach to marketing oriented can be by greater use of social media platforms and engaging the targeted customers in the process through social networking sites. Influence on consumer behavior The shift in the orientation of the company is of much importance. Mango is seen to be negligent towards its competitors and the practices and strategies that they put to use. It leads to be a weakness for the brand and percentage of sales because Mango as a company is not matching up with the market demands (Miller, 2014). It in turn leaves a bad impression on the consumers, and they chose to buy from the better alternatives. However, a shift in the viewpoint would attract more consumers when the company keeps the market needs in priority and thus, a loyal customer base is formed. Conclusion This particular paper explains the differences between the concepts of product and marketing orientation. It has been done by linking it to Mango which is apparel, manufacturer. It defines the pros and cons of both product and marketing orientation. Through a SWOT analysis, a conclusion has been drawn that the company needs to shift its business model into marketing orientation. It would lead to increased sales and popularity. Reference List Bertelsen, B. (2012).Everything you need to know about SWOT analysis. [Newmarket, Ont.]: BrainMass Inc. Brown, B., Sichtmann, C. and Musante, M. (2011). A model of productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ service brand extension success factors in B2B buying contexts.Jnl of Bus Indus Marketing, 26(3), pp.202-210. Chowdhury, R. (2012). Book Review: Business to Business Marketing.Global Business Review, 13(2), pp.353-355. Fleisher, C. and Bensoussan, B. (2015).Business and competitive analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. Hsu, Y. (2011). Design innovation and marketing strategy in successful product competition.Jnl of Bus Indus Marketing, 26(4), pp.223-236. Kumar, V. and Shah, D. (2015).Handbook of research on customer equity in marketing. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. McDonald, M. and Meldrum, M. (2013).The complete marketer. Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page Ltd. Miller, R. (2014).Consumer behavior 2015. [Place of publication not identified]: Richard K Miller Assoc. Munksgaard, K. and Freytag, P. (2011). Complementor involvement in product development.Jnl of Bus Indus Marketing, 26(4), pp.286-298. Sales Baptista, C. (2014). Product importance and complexity as determinants of adaptation processes in business relationships.Jnl of Bus Indus Marketing, 29(1), pp.75-87. Sewell, J. (2014).Marketing and Marketing Assessment (RLE Marketing). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Zemlickiene, V. and Maditinos, D. (2012). Marketing Strategy Formulation for Innovative Product Development Process.Business: Theory and Practice, 13(4), pp.365-374.